Prevention Of Anthracnose Disease Damageging Watermelons
10/08/2021
Ph.D Nguyen Minh Tuyen Watermelon is a crop with high economic value, so it is often invested in highly-intensive farming. But the unreasonable investment in intensive farming will create conditions for many pests to develop, in which anthracnose is one of the common and dangerous diseases on melons. This disease has caused melon producers to face many difficulties, significantly reducing yield and quality, and increasing production costs. Symptoms of disease: The disease can affect all above-ground parts of the watermelon. On the leaves, the disease is initially a small pale yellow spot, then the disease spreads widely, darkens and then turns black. In humid weather, in the middle of the lesion, the fungal spores are sometimes pink or orange, in dry weather they are often gray. When the lesion is widespread, the entire leaves will be black rot and fall off. The disease can also spread to both the stem and the fruit. On the stem, the disease causes lesions on the vines. In young fruit, the fruit may fall, on large fruit, the disease causes slightly concave indentations and on it may appear concentric circles. The disease continues to damage fruit during transportation and storage, affecting the commercial value.
Pathogens and conditions of development: The disease is caused by the Colletotrichum spp fungus. Conditions of development: - Do not clean the remnants of previous crops, or weeds around the garden when planting. - Planting with infected varieties, with thick density, unbalanced fertilization and excess nitrogen, lack of microelements, let melon garden be too dense. - Low beds, poor drainage after rain or watering. - During the rainy season, the weather is hot and has high humidity, with less sunshine and more cloudy are conditions for disease development. Preventive measures for high efficiency: It is necessary to apply a combination of measures, specifically: - Cleaning the fields and gardens, destroying the remnants of the previous crop. - Use disease resistant varieties. - Plant with appropriate density and treat weeds to keep the melon field well-ventilated. - Irrigate reasonably, do not water regularly so that the field is not wet. - Fertilizer is reasonably balanced, full of semimacro-micronutrients and not excess nitrogen. Increase decomposed organic or microbial fertilizers. - When the weather conditions are suitable for the disease to develop, and the disease is found early in the field, it is necessary to use CLEARNER 75WP, or PYLACOL 700WP to prevent it. - When the melon field or melon growing area is seriously diseased, it should be rotated with other crops to cut off the source of the disease. - In the process of harvesting and transporting, it is necessary to limit the creation of mechanical wounds on the fruit to prevent the disease from spreading and causing harm.
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To prevent, in addition to plowing and burying weed seeds, collecting weed stalks and stumps left after tilling the land to burn, not letting weeds produce seeds in production fields, etc., the use of chemical products is still a measure. optimal because of its ability to thoroughly kill weeds, reduce labor and take advantage of more time than manual weeding.
Miner has the scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., family Phyllocnistidae, order Lepidoptera. The miner occurs in many countries in the tropics and subtropics. The main host of the miner is the citrus family - Rutaceae. In addition, the miner also attacks mangosteen and some other plants.
Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.
Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.
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Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.
This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).
There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:
+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.
+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.
Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.
Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.
In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.
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