MINER ( PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLA ) DAMAGING FRUIT TREES 21/06/2023

 MINER ( PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLA ) DAMAGING  FRUIT TREES 22/03/ 2016

Miner has the scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., family Phyllocnistidae, order Lepidoptera. The  miner occurs in many countries in the tropics and subtropics. The main host of the miner is the citrus family - Rutaceae. In addition, the miner also attacks mangosteen and some other plants.

1. Symptoms and harms:

 

Miners damage on shoots and young leaves. The young caterpillars break through the leaves below the epidermis, feeding on the soft tissue. Where the worm goes, the cuticle swells there, drawing zigzag lines so should be called drawing charms, the worm perforated lines never meet together.

Infested leaves are often shriveled and deformed, especially young leaves, reducing the photosynthetic area and reducing the growth of young shoots.

In addition, the perforated lines of the charm worm also create conditions for Xanthomonas campestris bacteria to penetrate, causing ulcer disease, causing leaves to fall.

2. Morphological characteristics:

The adult is a small moth, 2-3mm long, the whole body is pale yellow with a silvery tint, the front wings are willow shaped leaves, the hind wings are needle-shaped, both wings have long hairy edges.

Eggs are oval in shape, 0.3 - 0.4mm in size, newly laid, transparent, yellow-white near hatching.

Larvae are flat, legless, newly hatched worms are 0.5mm long, light green, 4mm long when being full of strength, light yellow in color.

The pupa is about 2 mm long, yellow-brown, both sides of body there is a convex tumor on each node

 

 

 

 

3. Biological and ecological characteristics

Life cycle: 19 - 38 days

+ Eggs: 1 - 6 days

+ young caterpillar: 4 - 10 days

+ Pupae: 7 - 12 days

+ Maturity: 7-10 days.

Adults are active in the evening. Eggs are laid sporadically on both sides of the leaf, most of which are located on either side of the main veins.

Newly hatched caterpillars often burrow through the epidermis of leaves to feed on the soft tissue. The worm perforated line is long and grows with the strength of the worm. If the perforated line is torn, the young worms are easy to die.

When full, the caterpillars perforate out the edges of the leaves, release silk to weave the cocoons to pupate there

* Some influencing factors:

The miners cause damage all year round when the tree has young buds, causing much damage in July, August, and September. The degree of damage depends heavily on weather conditions and the food of the worm.

4. Natural enemies of worms draw charms:

Parasitic natural enemies: There are many species of bees in the families Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonidea.

Natural enemy to catch prey: weaver ants

5. Prevention measures:

Care for the tree to grow well, prune branches, create canopy, fertilize young buds to focus, limit the damage of worms.

Collecting fallen leaves in the garden and burning them also limits the source of pests.

In case of severe damage, it is possible to cut off the damaged leaf buds and gather in one place to destroy.

Measures to use pesticides rationally to protect the natural enemies of the miner, naturally raised enemies

such as the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina . It is a highly effective way to prevent and treat miners.

Use SAIRIFOS 585ECSAIMIDA 100SLLANCER 50SP, SHERZOL 205EC, SK EnSpray 99EC Mineral Oil... for prevention.

Should be sprayed with product or mineral oil as soon as the new shoots sprout about 2-4cm long.

 

Same item

To prevent, in addition to plowing and burying weed seeds, collecting weed stalks and stumps left after tilling the land to burn, not letting weeds produce seeds in production fields, etc., the use of chemical products is still a measure. optimal because of its ability to thoroughly kill weeds, reduce labor and take advantage of more time than manual weeding.To prepare for the coming Summer-Autumn rice crop, we would like to introduce to you a very new product of Saigon Plant Protection Joint Stock Company, which is Butoxim 5GR. This is a granular product used for spreading by Saigon Plant Protection Joint Stock Company in research, production and distribution.

 

Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.Larvae are very small, oval in shape, newly hatched are bright yellow. Age 2 and age 3 are in green. Age 4 and age 5 are golden brown and 2 small wing sprouts.

 

Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.

 In Vietnam, yellow leaf curl disease is very common on papaya trees, especially the disease is often severe in areas of high and continuous planting, areas with hot and arid climates. The disease has significantly reduced the yield and quality of papaya. Gardens that are infected early when the plants are young may not yield. However, up to now, many gardeners still do not know the cause and how to fix it.

 

 Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.Spiders have a very short life cycle, high reproductive ability, create many generations in a year, so it is easy to break out into epidemics in a short time.

 

 This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).

There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:

+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.

+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.

Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.

  

 Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.

In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.

Currently in Vietnam, the cultivation of citrus trees is playing an important role in the country agricultural production. The benefits of citrus trees have made many farmers rich. However, wherever citrus trees are planted, fissured trunk cracking appears and causes damage. If any gardener is negligent or lacks attention to this disease, the tree will die, even the whole garden.

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