PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT ON POTATO 12/07/2022

PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT ON POTATO

Potato is a root vegetable with high economic value. This is an agricultural product that is widely consumed and widely consumed by society. However, in the production process, farmers often face many diseases. In particular, late blight is one of the most dangerous diseases of potato plants. Late blight has caused crop failures, increased costs and hindered potato production of farmers.

Symptom:

The disease causes the leaves to turn pale and shrivel. In wet conditions, where the disease is new, it is lightly covered with a thin layer of white fungus, especially the underside of the leaves. The disease is very contagious and causes the entire leaf to rot. The disease also causes the trunk and branches to rot and blacken... The disease can develop and damage each cluster on the garden or the disease spreads, causing mass rot.

 

 

Pathogens and conditions of development:

Disease caused by Phytophthora sp. fungus.

Conditions of development:

- Before planting, the garden must not clean the remnants of the previous crop.

- The garden is planted with potatoes and plants of the same family such as tomatoes continuously, lack of rotation, or planted near the garden where potatoes, tomatoes, or some other upland crops such as melons, peppers... in the previous crop.

- Planting with infected varieties, planting with thick density, unbalanced fertilization and excess nitrogen, lack of microelements, so the garden is dense.

- Poor water management, garden is often humid

- Winter-Spring crop, usually with cool or slightly cold temperatures, high air humidity, little sunshine, drizzle, foggy nights... are optimal conditions for the disease to develop.

Highly effective preventive measures:

- Sanitize and destroy disease remnants in the fields and gardens before planting, especially in the previous crop where the same host plants were planted as tomatoes, potatoes, black peppers, melons, etc.

- Use disease resistant varieties.

- Plant with appropriate density, avoid planting too thick, easy to cause dense, damp in the garden.

- Balanced fertilization, supplemented with intermediate and trace elements to help increase the resistance of plants such as TANO-601 foliar fertilizer.

- Raise high beds and water appropriately so that the garden is not wet often.

- Rotate with other crops if the garden regularly grows potatoes and tomatoes.

- In cloudy weather with little sunshine, a lot of fog, with drizzle, cool and humid air, it is necessary to prevent in advance with the following products: ZIN 80WP, or DIPOMATE 80WP.

Should be sprayed 2 times 5-7 days apart when early disease appears in the field.

 

 

 

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Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.Larvae are very small, oval in shape, newly hatched are bright yellow. Age 2 and age 3 are in green. Age 4 and age 5 are golden brown and 2 small wing sprouts.

 

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There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:

+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.

+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.

Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.

  

 Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.

In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.

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