Mosaic Disease Of Eggplant Yellow Leaves
30/08/2021
Ph.D Nguyen Minh Tuyen Viral disease causing mosaic, yellow leaves is quite common in eggplant gardens and other short-term upland crops. In particular, the disease is often severe in specialized cultivation areas, with hot and arid climates. Viral diseases significantly reduce the yield and quality of eggplant. Fields infected early when the plants are young will not yield. However, so far many farmers still do not know the cause and how to overcome this disease. The dry season of 2020 is very hot and dry, so there is a very high risk of disease. Symptoms and harms: Depending on the virus species, the weather and the stage of infection, the time of disease onset and symptoms will vary. Usually, when infected with a virus, the plant will be dwarfed, the tops will droop, the leaves are not uniform in color (mosaic), or yellow, sometimes small and wrinkled... Small tree stage, if the tree is infected with the virus soon after planting, the plant will develop disease very soon. When grown trees are infected, the disease will appear later (due to resistance), or no disease when the tree is old. The earlier the plant develops the disease, the greater the damage. The tree has small fruit, or does not bear fruit, not even for harvest.
Pathogens: Mosaic disease, yellowing of eggplant leaves caused by some viruses. For example, EYMV virus (Eggplant Yellow Mosaic Virus), EMDV (Eggplant Mottle Dwarf Virus)... The disease is caused by viruses, so there must be insects as vectors such as aphids (Aphid), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci),… In the new stage of planting, when the weather is hot and sunny, the fields and gardens are dry, the density of suckers will increase rapidly, which is an ideal condition for the disease to develop. In nature, the virus exists in many host plants such as nightshades, wild plants, etc., so the source of the disease is very abundant. Management measures: The disease is caused by a virus, so there is currently no cure. However, we can manage the disease by managing the route of transmission through the suckers. To effectively manage the disease, we need to apply several measures simultaneously: - Sanitize the remnants of the previous crop, especially those that are host to the virus such as nightshades, legumes etc. Avoid planting near the fields and gardens where the nightshade crops are in the harvesting stage. Clean up weeds and weeds around the border. - Should plant early and focus to avoid spreading diseases to each other. - Use varieties resistant to sucking pests, and resistant to viruses. - Keep the field moisture appropriate, do not let it dry out. - Uproot and destroy diseased plants at a young stage, do not throw diseased plants indiscriminately. - Avoid over-fertilizing nitrogen fertilizers, enhance micronutrients by using TANO-601 foliar fertilizer to increase the resistance of plants. - Closely monitor the density of sucking pests to prevent timely from the time the tree is just planted (because this is the stage that determines the rate of disease and the severity or mildness of the disease). Currently, a popular and effective product for sucking insects is SK Enspray 99EC mineral oil. This is a completely non-toxic product. To increase the effectiveness of killing suckers, chewing worms and harmful spiders, farmers often combine with some biological products such as Comda Gold 5WG to prevent. |
To prevent, in addition to plowing and burying weed seeds, collecting weed stalks and stumps left after tilling the land to burn, not letting weeds produce seeds in production fields, etc., the use of chemical products is still a measure. optimal because of its ability to thoroughly kill weeds, reduce labor and take advantage of more time than manual weeding.
Miner has the scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., family Phyllocnistidae, order Lepidoptera. The miner occurs in many countries in the tropics and subtropics. The main host of the miner is the citrus family - Rutaceae. In addition, the miner also attacks mangosteen and some other plants.
Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.
Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.
In Vietnam, yellow leaf curl disease is very common on papaya trees, especially the disease is often severe in areas of high and continuous planting, areas with hot and arid climates. The disease has significantly reduced the yield and quality of papaya. Gardens that are infected early when the plants are young may not yield. However, up to now, many gardeners still do not know the cause and how to fix it.
Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.
This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).
There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:
+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.
+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.
Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.
Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.
In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.
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