Mango damaging anthracnose 29/01/2022

Ph.D. Nguyen Minh Tuyen

Mango is a crop with high economic value, depending on the ability to invest in technical care and pest control. Anthracnose is a common disease found on mango trees. In some years, when the weather conditions are suitable, the disease develops very strongly, seriously affecting the yield and quality of mango.

 

The pathogen is caused by the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. fungus

Harmful symptoms:

The disease often arises and causes severe damage on young parts such as leaves, branches and fruit buds. On the leaves, at first, the lesions are dark brown spots, between the diseased leaves and the healthy leaves there is a yellow halo. Young branches are infected, the bark is dark brown, the lesion is slightly indented and the branches are dry. Infected fruit buds are dark brown and fall off easily.

The disease develops in conditions of high humidity and fog. In particular, the disease often thrives during the period when mangoes are in bud, have young fruit buds, and meet favorable weather conditions. In mango orchards with little care, or poor care, such as unbalanced fertilization and excess nitrogen, no pruning ineffective branches will result in dense foliage, lack sunlight, and thus increase the humidity of the garden. disease is often severe.

A number of prevention measures have been applied with high efficiency and reduced costs:

- Before entering the new crop, it is necessary to clean the garden, remove weeds, prune diseased branches and ineffective branches hidden in the foliage to ventilate the canopy, so that sunlight can easily enter to limit moisture. high. Reasonable pruning also helps to spray insecticides to prevent pests and diseases favorably.

- Fertilize adequately and balancedly, avoid over-fertilizing with nitrogen. Enhance some micronutrients for plants by foliar spraying with foliar fertilizers: POLYFEED 15-15-30 in the pre-bud stage, to help plants increase resistance to disease, enhance hypocotyl differentiation, to have more flower buds, is a condition to increase the yield and quality of mango.

- At the stage of mango shoots and young fruit buds, if you encounter conditions of high humidity and fog, you must promptly spray preventively with PYLACOL 700WP, with a mixed dose: 300g of product/ 100 liters of water to spray evenly wet the canopy. PYLACOL 700WP can be combined with SK ENSPRAY 99EC mineral oil to increase and prolong the product is potency.

- In the stages of bud, flower, young fruit, if early disease is detected, it should be sprayed twice 7-10 days apart

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 Miner has the scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., family Phyllocnistidae, order Lepidoptera. The  miner occurs in many countries in the tropics and subtropics. The main host of the miner is the citrus family - Rutaceae. In addition, the miner also attacks mangosteen and some other plants.

 

Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.Larvae are very small, oval in shape, newly hatched are bright yellow. Age 2 and age 3 are in green. Age 4 and age 5 are golden brown and 2 small wing sprouts.

 

Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.

 In Vietnam, yellow leaf curl disease is very common on papaya trees, especially the disease is often severe in areas of high and continuous planting, areas with hot and arid climates. The disease has significantly reduced the yield and quality of papaya. Gardens that are infected early when the plants are young may not yield. However, up to now, many gardeners still do not know the cause and how to fix it.

 

 Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.Spiders have a very short life cycle, high reproductive ability, create many generations in a year, so it is easy to break out into epidemics in a short time.

 

 This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).

There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:

+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.

+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.

Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.

  

 Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.

In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.

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