Flower Rot Disease On Longan And Lychee
23/08/2021
Ph.D. Nguyen Minh Tuyen Longan, lychee is one of the agricultural crops with high economic value. However, in the production process, there are many types of pests that significantly affect the yield, quality of longan and lychee. One of the dangerous pests that often appear in the season of longan and lychee while growing flower buds and young fruits are flower bud rot disease * Symptoms and harms: The disease damages the longan ,lychee are budding and flowering. The disease causes flower buds, or bunch of flower buds to turn brown, then gradually turn black, then rot, dry and fall off, seriously affecting the yield of longan and lychee. The disease also often attacks on young parts such as leaves, branches and young fruits. The disease also slows down the growth of longan and lychee gardens at the basic construction stage, if not prevented in time.
* Harmful agents and growing conditions: Flower bud rot is caused by the Colletotrichum sp fungus. The disease damages longan and lychee trees from the basic construction garden to the business garden. The disease often causes severe damage in the longan, lychee stage begins to produce buds, flower buds and young fruits, especially when the environment is cool, humid, drizzly and foggy. * A number of preventive measures have been applied with high efficiency: - Prune and clean the gardens of longan and lychee before the crop to keep the garden well ventilated, light enough and reduce humidity. - Balanced and reasonable fertilization. Pay attention to increase the amount of potassium fertilizer. Use fertilizer TANO-601 to provide necessary microelements to increase plant resistance, increase yield and quality, as well as beautify fruit designs. - Visit the garden regularly during the period of buds, flower buds and young fruits to make appropriate and timely prevention decisions. - Through the people is many years of experience in preventing dry rot, it is necessary to pay attention to preventive spraying at the right time, especially in the gardens with high risk of infection, or the gardens of longan and lychee that were seriously infected in the previous year, easily leave many disease remnants on the tree. Carry out preventive spraying during longan, lychee at budding, flowering and young fruiting. When the garden just gets diseased, spray 2-3 times / wave, each time is about 5-7 days apart. The effective and popular product that farmers often use today is HAT VANG 250SC, or CLEARNER 75WP, or PYLACOL 700WP. - When spraying product for longan and lychee, it is necessary to use a sufficient amount of spray water and to have a spray device to finely spray to the top of the tree to be effective. - Mobilize surrounding gardens to prevent diseases to reduce disease sources and avoid spreading one another.
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To prevent, in addition to plowing and burying weed seeds, collecting weed stalks and stumps left after tilling the land to burn, not letting weeds produce seeds in production fields, etc., the use of chemical products is still a measure. optimal because of its ability to thoroughly kill weeds, reduce labor and take advantage of more time than manual weeding.
Miner has the scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., family Phyllocnistidae, order Lepidoptera. The miner occurs in many countries in the tropics and subtropics. The main host of the miner is the citrus family - Rutaceae. In addition, the miner also attacks mangosteen and some other plants.
Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.
Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.
In Vietnam, yellow leaf curl disease is very common on papaya trees, especially the disease is often severe in areas of high and continuous planting, areas with hot and arid climates. The disease has significantly reduced the yield and quality of papaya. Gardens that are infected early when the plants are young may not yield. However, up to now, many gardeners still do not know the cause and how to fix it.
Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.
This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).
There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:
+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.
+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.
Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.
Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.
In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.
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