Downy Mildew On Chili Pepper 31/07/2021

Ph.D. Nguyen Minh Tuyen

Chili pepper plant is a crop with high economic value.This is a fruit vegetable that is widely and regularly consumed by society. However, in the production process, farmers often face many diseases. In particular, downy mildew (late blight) is one of the most dangerous diseases of chili pepper plants. Downy mildew has damaged the yield and quality of chili pepper plant, increasing the cost of control.

* Symptom:

The disease can affect all parts of the chili pepper plant. In wet conditions, new leaf and fruit lesions are covered with a thin layer of white fungus. The disease is very contagious, causing the entire leaf to dry out and burn. The disease causes the fruit to darken and shrivel, then cause the fruit to rot. The disease also causes the stems and branches to become black etc... 

 

* Pathogens and conditions of development:

Disease caused by the Phytophthora sp fungus .

Conditions of development:

- Before planting, the garden must not clean the remnants of the previous crop.

- Garden planted with chili pepper plant or plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, etc. for many years, lack of rotation of other crops, or gardens planted near the above-mentioned plants are also at high risk of disease transmission.

- Planting with infected varieties, planting with thick density, unbalanced fertilization and excess nitrogen, lack of microelements, so the garden is dense.

- Poor water management, often wet garden.

- Winter-Spring crop, usually with cool temperature, high air humidity, little sunshine, and foggy nights are optimal conditions for disease development.

 * Management measures for high efficiency:

- Sanitize and destroy disease remnants in fields and gardens before planting, especially in the previous crop, plants with the same host as tomatoes, potatoes, melons, tobacco...

- Use disease resistant varieties.

- Plant with appropriate density, avoid planting thick, easy to cause dense, damp in the garden.

- Balanced fertilization, supplemented with intermediate and trace elements to help increase plant resistance such as TANO-601 foliar fertilizer.

- Raise high beds and water appropriately so that the garden is not wet often.

- Rotate with other crops if the garden regularly grows chili peppers, or tomatoes, potatoes.

- In cloudy weather with little sunshine, lots of fog, cool and humid air, it is necessary to prevent it first with the following products: ALPINE 80WG, or TREPPACH BUL 607SL, or DIPOMATE 430SC.

Should spray 2 times, alternately, 4-5 days apart when the disease appears in the garden.

 

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To prevent, in addition to plowing and burying weed seeds, collecting weed stalks and stumps left after tilling the land to burn, not letting weeds produce seeds in production fields, etc., the use of chemical products is still a measure. optimal because of its ability to thoroughly kill weeds, reduce labor and take advantage of more time than manual weeding.To prepare for the coming Summer-Autumn rice crop, we would like to introduce to you a very new product of Saigon Plant Protection Joint Stock Company, which is Butoxim 5GR. This is a granular product used for spreading by Saigon Plant Protection Joint Stock Company in research, production and distribution.

 

 Miner has the scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., family Phyllocnistidae, order Lepidoptera. The  miner occurs in many countries in the tropics and subtropics. The main host of the miner is the citrus family - Rutaceae. In addition, the miner also attacks mangosteen and some other plants.

 

Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.Larvae are very small, oval in shape, newly hatched are bright yellow. Age 2 and age 3 are in green. Age 4 and age 5 are golden brown and 2 small wing sprouts.

 

Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.

 In Vietnam, yellow leaf curl disease is very common on papaya trees, especially the disease is often severe in areas of high and continuous planting, areas with hot and arid climates. The disease has significantly reduced the yield and quality of papaya. Gardens that are infected early when the plants are young may not yield. However, up to now, many gardeners still do not know the cause and how to fix it.

 

 Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.Spiders have a very short life cycle, high reproductive ability, create many generations in a year, so it is easy to break out into epidemics in a short time.

 

 This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).

There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:

+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.

+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.

Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.

  

 Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.

In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.

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