CITRUS DAMAGING ANTHRACNOSE : COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES
21/06/2023
CITRUS DAMAGING ANTHRACNOSE : COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES a. Symptoms and effects: The disease usually affects lemon and grapefruit, the disease affects all parts of the tree. On oranges, tangerines are less affected. • On lemons, the disease usually affects leaves. The disease attacks anywhere on the leaves, but usually affects the tips of the leaves and the edges of the leaves. - Anthracnose lesions are yellow-brown, then grow larger, slightly rounded, surrounded by dark brown borders. The middle of the disease is light yellow, inside the wound there are many concentric rings, on the concentric rings we see many tiny dark brown dots, which leaves the fungal foci and makes the concentric rings darker. - Many diseases coalesce into large burnt patches, leaves turn yellow and fall, affecting plant growth. Rarely causes anthracnose disease on fruit and stem. • On grapefruit trees, the disease usually damages the fruit. - The first disease on the rind is small round spots, light yellow, later the disease becomes larger, dark yellow, slightly concave into the rind. - The lesions of the pods are dry and rough, sometimes many spots are connected to form a large spot with an irregular shape. The wound site is cracked, with many concentric black rings, sometimes with resin oozing under high humidity conditions. - Severely diseased fruit when young will turn yellow and fall, mature fruit may partially rot. b. Conditions of development: - fungi grow optimally at the temperature of 23 - 250C, die at 450C in 10 minutes. - Anthracnose disease thrives in hot, humid and rainy conditions. - Fruits hidden in the canopy are often more seriously ill. - In the South, varieties of Chinese lemon and Bien Hoa grapefruit are susceptible to disease. c. Preventive measures: - Prune off branches and leaves for ventilation, remove and destroy severely diseased branches, leaves and fruits. - Do not water the foliage when the plant is diseased. - Spray when the disease appears with the following products: DIPOMATE 80WP, THIO-M 500FL, SAIPORA 350EC... spray every 7-10 days, change the product after a few sprays to avoid getting used to the causaL fungi |
To prevent, in addition to plowing and burying weed seeds, collecting weed stalks and stumps left after tilling the land to burn, not letting weeds produce seeds in production fields, etc., the use of chemical products is still a measure. optimal because of its ability to thoroughly kill weeds, reduce labor and take advantage of more time than manual weeding.
Miner has the scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., family Phyllocnistidae, order Lepidoptera. The miner occurs in many countries in the tropics and subtropics. The main host of the miner is the citrus family - Rutaceae. In addition, the miner also attacks mangosteen and some other plants.
Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.
Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.
In Vietnam, yellow leaf curl disease is very common on papaya trees, especially the disease is often severe in areas of high and continuous planting, areas with hot and arid climates. The disease has significantly reduced the yield and quality of papaya. Gardens that are infected early when the plants are young may not yield. However, up to now, many gardeners still do not know the cause and how to fix it.
Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.
This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).
There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:
+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.
+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.
Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.
Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.
In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.
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