Banana leaf striped spot disease 28/10/2021

Ph.D. Nguyen Minh Tuyen

Banana leaf striped spot disease (Sigatoka) is common and harmful in most banana growing areas. Almost all banana varieties are affected by this disease. It is one of the most important banana diseases and the first leaf blight to affect global banana cultivation.

* Symptom:

Initially, the disease is a small red-brown or yellow-green spot, about 1mm in diameter, on the underside of the leaf. The lesions then elongate into small streaks, and gradually develop into narrow striped spots of red-brown, then black-brown. The disease runs parallel to the leaf veins, around the disease there is a yellow halo. The center of the lesion is ash gray. Leaf spots often appear on the leaf margins, especially on the lower leaves. Later, the lesions link together and cause yellowing and drying phenomenon of leaves.

 

* Pathogens and conditions of development:

Banana leaf striped spot disease - Sigatoka is caused by the Mycosphaerella sp fungus..

The disease thrives in the months with hot and humid weather, with a lot of rain or wind, or a lot of fog and humidity. The disease also thrives in gardens with high density, poor drainage, excess nitrogen fertilization, but lack of potassium, calcium and organic fertilizers, gardens with many sucking pests such as aphids, gardens with many weeds, dense etc...

*Preventive measures:

- Sanitize the remnants of the previous crop of wild plants around the garden before planting.

- Use disease resistant varieties.

- Plant with appropriate density, do not plant too thick.

- Appropriate irrigation and drainage, especially in the rainy season.

- Regularly prune diseased leaves, take dry leaves out of the garden to destroy.

- Always keep the garden weed-free so that the garden is well-ventilated

- Fertilize in a reasonable balance, avoid excess nitrogen, and add organic fertilizers. Increased use of SPC-K and SPC-CAL to increase disease resistance.

- Timely prevention of sucking pests on banana gardens.

- When early disease appears in the garden, use the following products : CLEARNER 75WP, or DIPOMATE 430SC, or SAIZOLE 5SC. It is recommended to combine each of the above products with SK ENSPRAY 99EC mineral oil to increase the retention of products s and prevent the penetration of pathogenic fungi

 

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Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.Larvae are very small, oval in shape, newly hatched are bright yellow. Age 2 and age 3 are in green. Age 4 and age 5 are golden brown and 2 small wing sprouts.

 

Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.

 In Vietnam, yellow leaf curl disease is very common on papaya trees, especially the disease is often severe in areas of high and continuous planting, areas with hot and arid climates. The disease has significantly reduced the yield and quality of papaya. Gardens that are infected early when the plants are young may not yield. However, up to now, many gardeners still do not know the cause and how to fix it.

 

 Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.Spiders have a very short life cycle, high reproductive ability, create many generations in a year, so it is easy to break out into epidemics in a short time.

 

 This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).

There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:

+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.

+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.

Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.

  

 Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.

In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.

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