Bacterial Wilt Disease On Tomato 23/08/2021

Ph.D. Nguyen Minh Tuyen

Bacterial wilt disease is a fairly common disease for tomato plants around the world, especially in tropical regions. In Vietnam, tomato bacterial wilt disease is also especially common in areas where specialized tomatoes are grown, or areas where plants of the same solanaceous family are grown for many years. Currently, bacterial wilt o tomato is still a difficult disease for growers.

* Symptoms of disease and harms:

The disease can occur during most of the growth stages of the plant, but is more common in the flowering and fruiting stages. Plants that are still green naturally wilt suddenly during the day, especially in the late afternoon period. At night and early in the morning, the tree turns green again when the disease is still mild, but the plant will die and wilt when the disease is severe. The disease can cause tree death in clusters and spread if not properly controlled.

 

* Pathogens and conditions of development:

Wilt disease is caused by the Pseudomonas solanacearum bacteria . The disease develops in tropical tomato growing areas. Soil with many remnants of previous crop, low humus and low-lying soil, high density planting, excess nitrogen fertilization, dense, moist trees, garden with many pests, especially those living in the soil such as white grub,  striped  flea beetles, crickets, nematodes ... cause wounds in the roots. Poor water management also aggravates the disease.            

* Effective preventive measures:

It is necessary to apply a combination of measures:

- Sanitize the remnants of the previous crop, when the disease is severe, it should be rotated with other crops. If the garden is often damaged, it is necessary to treat the soil before planting for the objects that damage the roots.

- Raise a high bed so that the soil and garden are well-ventilated. Do not make the soil too small, do not compact the soil when planting, because the soil is easily clogged and anaerobic after planting.

- Apply manure (composted and thoroughly treated with Trichoderma) so that the soil is porous and the soil does not crack when dry, fertilize in a balanced and complete manner, avoiding excess nitrogen for healthy and disease-resistant plants.

- Use disease-resistant varieties and seedlings at trusted establishments to limit diseases.

- Plant with appropriate density, avoid dense to the garden ventilation.

- When caring, avoid damaging and breaking the roots.

- Extremely well irrigated and drained, limit the garden too wet, or too dry. Do not let the water regime change suddenly, which can damage the roots.

- When a diseased plant is detected, it should be uprooted and destroyed.

- Before the flowering stage, if the garden has ever suffered from bacterial wilt disease, it is necessary to spray and irrigate to prevent it with internally-absorbed and systemic products: Alpine 80WG, or Saipan 2SL.

 

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 Miner has the scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., family Phyllocnistidae, order Lepidoptera. The  miner occurs in many countries in the tropics and subtropics. The main host of the miner is the citrus family - Rutaceae. In addition, the miner also attacks mangosteen and some other plants.

 

Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.Larvae are very small, oval in shape, newly hatched are bright yellow. Age 2 and age 3 are in green. Age 4 and age 5 are golden brown and 2 small wing sprouts.

 

Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.

 In Vietnam, yellow leaf curl disease is very common on papaya trees, especially the disease is often severe in areas of high and continuous planting, areas with hot and arid climates. The disease has significantly reduced the yield and quality of papaya. Gardens that are infected early when the plants are young may not yield. However, up to now, many gardeners still do not know the cause and how to fix it.

 

 Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.Spiders have a very short life cycle, high reproductive ability, create many generations in a year, so it is easy to break out into epidemics in a short time.

 

 This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).

There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:

+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.

+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.

Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.

  

 Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.

In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.

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